Discussion Papers

By switching off 2G, frequencies can be used more efficiently for 4G/5G. Even more comprehensive LTE coverage by all mobile network operators is…

The BNetzA's broad-based NEST process (Networks. Efficient. Secure. Transformed.) offers the opportunity to correct weaknesses in the general X-factor…

Online platforms such as AliExpress, Shein and Temu ship a large proportion of their goods directly from China to European customers, posing…

Competitors in the German letter market face major challenges, which will be significantly exacerbated by the planned VAT exemption for access…

Companies that are obliged to provide universal telecommunications services at a fixed location are entitled to compensation for unreasonable net…

In this discussion paper, we examine the complex process of content moderation on online platforms and consider both the incentive structures of…

This discussion paper analyzes app access considerations & remuneration approaches within dominant ecosystems, focussing on access models like app…

The aim of the survey was to generate more in-depth insights into the companies that are expanding FTTB/H connections on the German broadband market.…

In this study, we conducted an international benchmark for the application of ERT in Austria, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovenia…

This study examines which socio-economic factors are driving demand for fixed broadband access in Germany. The analysis aims at identifying indicators…

In some European member states, demand-oriented funding approaches are being practised in the broadband sector and the EU Commission is also referring…

In view of the dynamization of FTTB/H rollout and a difficult macroeconomic environment, the demand for fibre connections is increasingly becoming the…