Discussion Papers

Price comparison tools play an increasingly important role as a source of information and sales channel for various types of products and services on…

Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) is the replacement of a landline with a wireless solution. In the context of the planned gigabit broadband expansion in…

The discussion paper examines which priorities municipalities set in their digital strategies and to what extent they strategically interlink the…

Based on their ICT-usage SMEs can be adjusted to five groups “digital beginners”, “digital opportunity users”, “supply chain-driven digitizers”,…

The discussion paper highlights the challenges and opportunities of networked production in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Despite initial…

By switching off 2G, frequencies can be used more efficiently for 4G/5G. Even more comprehensive LTE coverage by all mobile network operators is…

The BNetzA's broad-based NEST process (Networks. Efficient. Secure. Transformed.) offers the opportunity to correct weaknesses in the general X-factor…

Online platforms such as AliExpress, Shein and Temu ship a large proportion of their goods directly from China to European customers, posing…

Competitors in the German letter market face major challenges, which will be significantly exacerbated by the planned VAT exemption for access…

Companies that are obliged to provide universal telecommunications services at a fixed location are entitled to compensation for unreasonable net…

In this discussion paper, we examine the complex process of content moderation on online platforms and consider both the incentive structures of…

This discussion paper analyzes app access considerations & remuneration approaches within dominant ecosystems, focussing on access models like app…